Advances in Manufacturing

A comprehensive survey of augmented reality assembly research

X. Wang, S. K. Ong, A. Y. C. Nee

2016, 4(1): 1-22. doi:10.1007/s40436-015-0131-4

摘要 ( 8099 )

PDF (2136KB) ( 4291 )

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

In the past two decades, augmented reality(AR) has received a growing amount of attention by researchers in the manufacturing technology community, because AR can be applied to address a wide range of problems throughout the assembly phase in the lifecycle of a product, e.g., planning, design, ergonomics assessment, operation guidance and training. However, to the best of authors' knowledge, there has not been any comprehensive review of AR-based assembly systems. This paper aims to provide a concise overview of the technical features, characteristics and broad range of applications of ARbased assembly systems published between 1990 and 2015. Among these selected articles, two thirds of them were published between 2005 and 2015, and they are considered as recent pertinent works which will be discussed in detail. In addition, the current limitation factors and future trends in the development will also be discussed.

Electrochemical manufacturing of nanocarbons from carbon dioxide in molten alkali metal carbonate salts: roles of alkali metal cations

Happiness V. Ijije, George Z. Chen

2016, 4(1): 23-32. doi:10.1007/s40436-015-0125-2

摘要 ( 473 )

PDF (1392KB) ( 1125 )

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

One simple and fast way to manufacture a useful product from CO₂ is to capture the gas by, and then carry out electrolysis in molten alkali metal carbonates. Carbon electro-deposition in molten Li₂CO₃-Na₂CO₃-K₂CO₃ (molar ratio: 43.5:31.5:25.0) has been widely reported in literature. However, studies in each of the individual alkali metal carbonates either have received less attention or are simply lacking in literature. Electrochemical studies of these molten carbonates are important to understand their underlying processes and reactions during the electrolysis. In this work, cyclic voltammograms (CVs) were recorded in each of the above-mentioned molten alkali carbonate salts using a 0.25 mm diameter Pt wire working electrode. In molten Na₂CO₃ and K₂CO₃, the main cathodic reaction was likely the formation of alkali metal, while that in Li₂CO₃ was carbon deposition. The results also suggest that other competing reactions such as CO and alkali metal carbide formation are possible as well in different molten salts. On the CVs, the anodic current peaks observed are mostly associated with the oxidation of cathodic products. Flake/ring/sheet-like structures and quasi-spherical particles were observed in the produced carbon. The morphology of the carbon contained both amorphous and graphitic structures, which varied with different electrolysis variables.

Separation and recovery of critical metal ions using ionic liquids

Terence Makanyire, Sergio Sanchez-Segado, Animesh Jha

2016, 4(1): 33-46. doi:10.1007/s40436-015-0132-3

摘要 ( 605 )

PDF (1318KB) ( 1016 )

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Separation and purification of critical metal ions such as rare-earth elements (REEs), scandium and niobium from their minerals is difficult and often determines if extraction is economically and environmentally feasible. Solvent extraction is a commonly used metal-ion separation process, usually favored because of its simplicity, speed and wide scope, which is why it is often employed for separating trace metals from their minerals. However, the types of solvents widely used for the recovery of metal ions have adverse environmental impact. Alternatives to solvent extraction have been explored and advances in separation technologies have shown commercial establishment of liquid membranes as an alternative to conventional solvent extraction for the recovery of metals and other valuable materials. Liquid membrane transport incorporates solvent extraction and membrane separation in one continuously operating system. Both methods conventionally use solvents that are harmful to the environment, however, the introduction of ionic liquids (ILs) over the last decade is set to minimize the environmental impact of both solvent extraction and liquid membrane separation processes. ILs are a family of organic molten salts with low or negligible vapour pressure which may be formed below 100 ℃. Such liquids are also highly thermally stable and less toxic. Their ionic structure makes them thermodynamically favorable solvents for the extraction of metallic ions. The main aim of this article is to review the current achievements in the separation of REE, scandium, niobium and vanadium from their minerals, using ILs in either solvent extraction or liquid membrane processes. The mechanism of separation using ILs is discussed and the engineering constraints to their application are identified.

Modeling of high-temperature reforming reactor based on interactive thermal control with a tail gas combustor

Dan Zhang, Zhong Shao, Ji-Ping Xin, Ai-Jun Li

2016, 4(1): 47-54. doi:10.1007/s40436-015-0118-1

摘要 ( 435 )

PDF (1620KB) ( 787 )

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

This paper proposes a method to model hydrocarbon reforming by coupling detailed chemical kinetics with complex computational fluid dynamics. The entire chemistry of catalyzed reactions was confined within the geometrically simple channels and modeled using the low-dimensional plug model, into which the interactive thermal control of the multi-channel reforming reactor has been implemented with a tail-gas combustor around the external surface of these catalytic channels. The geometrically complex flow in the tail gas combustor was simulated using FLUENT without involving any chemical reactions. The influences of the conditions at the reactor inlet such as the inlet gas velocity, the inlet gas composition and the variety of hydrocarbons of each channel on gas conversions were investigated numerically. The impact of the tail gas combustor setup on the efficiency of the reforming reactor was also analyzed. Methane catalytic partial oxidation (CPO_x) and propane steam reforming (SR) were used to illustrate the approach reported in the present work.

Optimization of process parameters of friction welding of UNS S31803 duplex stainless steels joints

M. Mohammed Asif, Kulkarni Anup Shrikrishna, P. Sathiya

2016, 4(1): 55-65. doi:10.1007/s40436-015-0130-5

摘要 ( 570 )

PDF (544KB) ( 797 )

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

This article presents an approach based on Taguchi method and Grey relational analysis to optimize process parameters of friction welding of UNS31803 duplex stainless steel. The main objective is to maximize mechanical properties like tensile strength, hardness and impact toughness and to minimize corrosion rate. Heating pressure, heating time, upsetting pressure and upsetting time were the four process parameters taken each at three levels. According to Taguchi quality design concept, an L9 orthogonal array was selected for experiments. The best combination of process parameters was found by both Taguchi method and Grey relational analysis. The influence of the process parameters on overall quality characteristics of the friction welding process was evaluated by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. The confirmation test results with optimal parameters confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method in this study. Later, comparison was done between Taguchi method and Grey relational analysis on the basis of improvement in multiresponse signal to noise (S/N) ratio over initial process parameters. Grey relational analysis was proved to be a better technique than Taguchi method for optimization of multiple responses.

Pareto-based multi-objective node placement of industrial wireless sensor networks using binary differential evolution harmony search

Ling Wang, Lu An, Hao-Qi Ni, Wei Ye, Panos M. Pardalos, Min-Rui Fei

2016, 4(1): 66-78. doi:10.1007/s40436-016-0135-8

摘要 ( 462 )

PDF (1204KB) ( 965 )

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

The reliability and real time of industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs) are the absolute requirements for industrial systems, which are two foremost obstacles for the large-scale applications of IWSNs. This paper studies the multi-objective node placement problem to guarantee the reliability and real time of IWSNs from the perspective of systems. A novel multi-objective node deployment model is proposed in which the reliability, real time, costs and scalability of IWSNs are addressed. Considering that the optimal node placement is an NP-hard problem, a new multi-objective binary differential evolution harmony search (MOBDEHS) is developed to tackle it, which is inspired by the mechanism of harmony search and differential evolution. Three large-scale node deployment problems are generated as the benCHmarks to verify the proposed model and algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that the developed model is valid and can be used to design large-scale IWSNs with guaranteed reliability and real-time performance efficiently. Moreover, the comparison results indicate that the proposed MOBDEHS is an effective tool for multi-objective node placement problems and superior to Pareto-based binary differential evolution algorithms, nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) and modified NSGA-II.

Electrospinning synthesis of novel lithium-rich 0.4Li₂MnO₃·0.6LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ nanotube and its electrochemical performance as cathode of lithium-ion battery

Lei-Lei Cui, Xiao-Wei Miao, Yu-Feng Song, Wen-Ying Fang, Hong-Bin Zhao, Jian-Hui Fang

2016, 4(1): 79-88. doi:10.1007/s40436-016-0133-x

摘要 ( 450 )

PDF (1856KB) ( 575 )

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

In this study, a lithium-rich layered 0.4Li₂MnO₃·0.6LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ nanotube cathode synthesized by novel electrospinning is reported, and the effects of temperature on the electrochemical performance and morphologies are investigated. The crystal structure is characterized by X-ray diffraction patterns, and refined by two sets of diffraction data (R-3m and C2/m). Refined crystal structure is 0.4Li₂MnO₃·0.6LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ composite. The inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer and thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analysis measurement supply reference to optimize the calcination temperature and heat-treatment time. The morphology is characterized by scanning and highresolution transmission electron microscope techniques, and the micro-nanostructured hollow tubes of Li-rich 0.4Li₂MnO₃·0.6LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ composite with outer diameter of 200-400 nm and the wall thickness of 50-80 nm are synthesized successfully. The electrochemical evaluation shows that 0.4Li₂MnO₃·0.6LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ sintered at 800 ℃ for 8 h delivers the highest capacity of the first discharge capacity of 267.7 mAh/g between 2.5 V and 4.8 V at 0.1C and remains 183.3 mAh/g after 50 cycles. The electrospinning method with heat-treatment to get micro-nanostructured lithium-rich cathode shows promising application in lithium-ion batteries with stable electrochemical performance and higher C-rate performance for its shorter Li ions transfer channels and stable designed structure.

A study on robotic off-line programming system in induction hardening for fillets or chamfers of mould

Nan-Yan Shen, Hai Xu, Liang Tong, Jing Li, Yao-Zan Wu

2016, 4(1): 89-96. doi:10.1007/s40436-016-0136-7

摘要 ( 479 )

PDF (1097KB) ( 554 )

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

As the end-effector of robot, the induction hardening tool is required to keep its orientations perpendicular to the fillets or chamfers of the mould at a distance during its uniform motion along the hardening trajectory. This trajectory consists of a group of central curves which are parametric curves on the corresponding chamfers or fillets and between two edges of every chamfer or fillet. The trajectory points and the surface normal vectors at these points are obtained by parametric equations of the fillets or chamfers. This study is conducted to join each central curve into the entire hardening trajectory, including handling on the irregular surfaces and unifying the directions of hardening tool motion.According to kinematics of robot, the trajectory points in modeling coordinate system are transferred into the poses of the induction hardening tool in user frame of robot. The kinematical interference of the induction hardening tool and robot joints is checked by Roboguide simulation tool. The validity of the robotic off-line programming (OLP) system was verified by experiments.

Experimental investigation of cutting parameters in machining of 100Cr6 with tangential turn-milling method

Vedat Savas, Cetin Ozay, Hasan Ballikaya

2016, 4(1): 97-104. doi:10.1007/s40436-016-0134-9

摘要 ( 556 )

PDF (1241KB) ( 807 )

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

The turn-milling methods for machining operation have been developed to increase efficiency of conventional machines recently. These methods are used especially by coupling some apparatuses on the computer numerical control (CNC) machine to decrease the production time and machine costs, ensure the maximum production and increase the quality of machining. In this study, 100Cr6 bearing steel extensively used in industry has been machined by tangential turn-milling method. This paper presents an approach for optimization of the effects of the cutting parameters including cutter speed, workpiece speed, axial feed rate, and depth of cut on the surface roughness in the machining of 100Cr6 steel with tangential turn-milling method by using genetic algorithm (GA). Tangential turning-milling method has been determined to have optimum effects of cutting parameters on the machining of 100Cr6 steel. The experimental results show that the surface roughness quality is close to that of grinding process.

当期目录