Fabrication and functional characterization of engineered features on pyrolytic carbon

doi:10.1007/s40436-016-0139-4

Abstract

Abstract:

Engineered features on pyrolytic carbon (PyC) have been reported to improve the functional performance of the bio-implants. This paper is focused on the functional characterization of micro-features created on the surface of PyC. Two different types of micro-features (wide channels and arrayed holes) have been created by micro-electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM). Two other micro-features (fine channels and micro-pillars) have been created by micromilling process. Coliform bacterial strain was isolated from a sample of water and grown on all four textured. Cell growth was carried out on an unmachined surface to see the behavior of the isolated bacterial strain on the textured/non-textured surfaces. The samples were examined under SEM before and after wash to see cell growth and cell adhesion capability of the textures. The wide channels by micro-EDM show the maximum cell growth but poor cell adhesion. 184% higher cell growth has been observed on the wide channels in comparison with unmachined surface. The fine channels by micro-milling show comparatively lower growth but the cell adhesion on this surface was found excellent. 71% cells remain unwashed after washing of the surface having fine channel textures. It means that the channels structure shows the maximum cell growth and adhesion independent of machining process.

Key words: Pyrolytic carbon, Micro-features, Surface texturing, Cell growth and adhesion

Vivek Bajpai, Bablu Prasad, Ramesh Singh. Fabrication and functional characterization of engineered features on pyrolytic carbon[J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2016, 4(2): 134-141.

TrendMD

References

1. Murphy DW, Dasi LP, Vukasinovic J et al (2010) Reduction of procoagulant potential of b-datum leakage jet flow in bileaflet mechanical heart valves via application of vortex generator arrays. J Biomech Eng 132(7):75-95
2. Alemu Y, Girdhar G, Xenos M et al (2010) Design optimization of a mechanical heart valve for reducing valve thrombogenicity:a case study with ATS valve. ASAIO J 56(5):389-396
3. Bruzzone AAG, Costa HL, Lonardo PM et al (2008) Advances in engineered surfaces for functional performance. CIRP AnnalsManuf Technol 57:750-769
4. Chiffrel LD, Kunzmann H, Peggs GN et al (2003) Surfaces in precision engineering, microengineering and nanotechnology. CIRP Annals-Manuf Technol 52(2):561-577
5. Fu J, Hu YY, Guo Z et al (2008) Effect of surface micro-topography of titanium material on the behaviors of rabbit osteoblast in vitro. Appl Surf Sci 255:286-289
6. Manivasagam G, Durgalakshmi D, Asokamani R (2010) Biomedical implants:corrosion and its prevention:a review. Recent Pat Corros Sci 2:40-54
7. Kumar S, Narayanan TS, Raman GSS et al (2009) Thermal oxidation of CP-Ti:evaluation of characteristics and corrosion resistance as a function of treatment time. Mater Sci Eng 29:1942-1949
8. Li XY, Yao JF, Yang XJ et al (2008) Surface modification with fibronectin or collagen to improve the cell adhesion. Appl Surf Sci 255:459-461
9. Huang Y, Lü X, Jingwu M et al (2008) In vitro investigation of protein adsorption and platelet adhesion on inorganic biomaterial surfaces. Appl Surf Sci 255:257-259
10. Hacking SA, Boyraz P, Powers BM et al (2012) Surface roughness enhances the osseointegration of titanium headposts in nonhuman primates. J Neurosci Method 211:237-244
11. Quintana G, de Ciurana J, Ribatallada J (2010) Surface roughness generation and material removal rate in ball end milling operations. Mater Manuf Process 25(6):386-398
12. Asadi P, Besharati GMK, Faraji G (2010) Producing ultrafinegrained AZ91 from As-cast AZ91 by FSP. Mater Manuf Process 25(11):1219-1226
13. Kim JU, Jeong YH, Choe HC (2013) Surface morphology of highly ordered nanotube formed and laser textured beta titanium alloys. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 13:1876-1879
14. Piyush A, Bajpai V, Singh R (2012) Experimental study of microscale fiber laser based surface modification by texturing for biocompatibility. In:International conference on micromanufacturing, 12-14 Mar, Evanston
15. Robert AF, Min Z (2014) Fabrication of stable superhydrophilic surfaces on titanium substrates. J Adhes Sci Technol 28(8-9):823-832
16. Ghoreishi M, Atkinson JA (2002) Comparative experimental study of machining characteristics in vibratory, rotary and vibrorotary electro-discharge machining. J Mater Process Technol 120:374-384
17. Stepien P (2011) Deterministic and stochastic components of regular surface texture generated by a special grinding process. Wear 271(3-4):514-518
18. Morehead J, Zou M (2014) Superhydrophilic surface on Cu substrate to enhance lubricant retention. J Adhes Sci Technol 28(8-9):33-842
19. Simo J, Aspinwall DK, Wise MLH et al (1996) Surface texture transfer in simulated tandem and temper mill rolling using electrical discharge textured rolls.J Mater Process Technol 56:177-189
20. Costa HL, Hutchings IM (2009) Development of a maskless electrochemical texturing method. J Mater Process Technol 209:3869-3878
21. Fan P, Zhong M, Li L et al (2013) Rapid fabrication of surface micro/nano structures with enhanced broadband absorption on Cu by picosecond laser. Opt Express 21(10):11628-11637
22. Vanithakumari SC, George RP, Mudali UK (2013) Enhancement of corrosion performance of titanium by micro-nano texturing. Corros Houst 69(8):804-812
23. Dumas V, Rattner A, Vico L et al (2012) Multiscale grooved titanium processed with femtosecond laser influences mesenchymal stem cell morphology, adhesion, and matrix organization. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 100A:3108-3116
24. Bush JR, Nayak BK, Nair LS et al (2011) Improved bio-implant using ultrafast laser induced self-assembled nanotexture in titanium. J Biomed Mater Res Part B 97B(2):299-305
25. Bajpai V, Singh R (2011) Orthogonal micro-grooving of anisotropic pyrolytic carbon. Mater Manuf Process 26(12):1481-1493
26. Bajpai V, Salhotra G, Singh R (2011) Micromachining characterization of anisotropic pyrolytic carbon. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part B 225(9):1591-1605
27. Bajpai V, Singh R (2013) Brittle damage and interlaminar decohesion in orthogonal micromachining of pyrolytic carbon. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 64:20-30
28. Gupta N, Bajpai V, Singh R (2012) Characterization of microEDM process for pyrolytic carbon. In:Proceedings of the 7th international conference on micro-manufacturing, Evanston, 12-14 Mar 2012, pp 204-207
29. Andrew DE, Lenore SC, Arnold EG et al (1998) American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water environment federation standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. American Public Health Association, 20th edn, Washington, DC
30. Mata A, Boehm C, Eleischman AJ et al (2007) Connective tissue progenitor cell growth characteristics on textured substrates. Int J Nanomed 2(3):389-406
31. Kubitschek HE (1990) Cell volume increases in Escherichia coli after shifts to richer media. J Bacteriol 172:94-101
32. Harrison DEF, Loveless JE (1971) The effect of growth conditions on respiratory activity and growth efficiency in facultative anaerobes grown in chemostat culture. J Gen Microbiol 68:35-43