Advances in Manufacturing ›› 2025, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (2): 337-361.doi: 10.1007/s40436-024-00493-1

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Laser welding monitoring techniques based on optical diagnosis and artificial intelligence: a review

Yi-Wei Huang, Xiang-Dong Gao, Perry P. Gao, Bo Ma, Yan-Xi Zhang   

  1. Guangdong Provincial Welding Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-14 修回日期:2023-10-11 发布日期:2025-05-16
  • 通讯作者: Xiang-Dong Gao,E-mail:gaoxd@gdut.edu.cn E-mail:gaoxd@gdut.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:Yi-Wei Huang is now studying for a master’s degree of the Guangdong Provincial Welding Engineer ing Technology Research Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China. He received his B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Jiangxi University of Technology. His research interests include the monitoring and adaptive control of the laser welding process.
    Xiang-Dong Gao received the B.E. degree in Automation from Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China, in 1985, the M.A. degree in Automation from Central South University, Changsha, China, in 1988, and the Ph.D. degree in Welding from the South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China, in 1998. He is currently a professor and director with the Guangdong Provincial Welding Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China. His research interests are welding automation.
    Perry P. Gao is an Ed.M., Director of Education Bridge Institute. His research interests include welding automation and artificial intelligence.
    Bo Ma is a Ph.D. candidate at the Guangdong Provincial Welding Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China. He received his master’s degree in Electromechanical Engineering from Guangdong University of Technology. His research interests include signal processing and arc additive manufacturing.
    Yan-Xi Zhang received the B.E. in Computer Science from Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China, in 2003, and the M.A. degree in Computer Science and the Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China, in 2006 and 2014, respectively, where he is currently an Associate Professor. His research interests include monitoring and adaptive control of the laser welding process, machine learning, deep learning, and simulations of the high-power laser welding process.
  • 基金资助:
    The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52275317), the Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 2023A1515012172), and the Guangzhou Municipal Special Fund Project for Scientific and Technological Innovation and Development (Grant No. 2023B03J1326) provided financial support for this work.

Laser welding monitoring techniques based on optical diagnosis and artificial intelligence: a review

Yi-Wei Huang, Xiang-Dong Gao, Perry P. Gao, Bo Ma, Yan-Xi Zhang   

  1. Guangdong Provincial Welding Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
  • Received:2023-05-14 Revised:2023-10-11 Published:2025-05-16
  • Contact: Xiang-Dong Gao,E-mail:gaoxd@gdut.edu.cn E-mail:gaoxd@gdut.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52275317), the Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 2023A1515012172), and the Guangzhou Municipal Special Fund Project for Scientific and Technological Innovation and Development (Grant No. 2023B03J1326) provided financial support for this work.

摘要: Laser welding is an efficient and precise joining method widely used in various industries. Real-time monitoring of the welding process is important for improving the quality of the weld products. This study provides an overview of the optical diagnostics of the laser welding process. The common welding defects and their formation mechanisms are described, starting with an introduction to the principles of laser welding. Optical signal sources are divided into radiated and external active lights, and different monitoring systems are summarized and classified. Also, the applications of artificial intelligence techniques in data processing, weld defect prediction and classification, and adaptive welding control are summarized. Finally, future research and challenges in real-time laser welding monitoring technology based on optical diagnostics are discussed. This study demonstrated that optical diagnostic techniques could acquire substantial information about the laser welding process and help identify welding defects.

The full text can be downloaded at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40436-024-00493-1

关键词: Laser welding, Real-time monitoring, Welding defect, Optical diagnosis, Artificial intelligence

Abstract: Laser welding is an efficient and precise joining method widely used in various industries. Real-time monitoring of the welding process is important for improving the quality of the weld products. This study provides an overview of the optical diagnostics of the laser welding process. The common welding defects and their formation mechanisms are described, starting with an introduction to the principles of laser welding. Optical signal sources are divided into radiated and external active lights, and different monitoring systems are summarized and classified. Also, the applications of artificial intelligence techniques in data processing, weld defect prediction and classification, and adaptive welding control are summarized. Finally, future research and challenges in real-time laser welding monitoring technology based on optical diagnostics are discussed. This study demonstrated that optical diagnostic techniques could acquire substantial information about the laser welding process and help identify welding defects.

The full text can be downloaded at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40436-024-00493-1

Key words: Laser welding, Real-time monitoring, Welding defect, Optical diagnosis, Artificial intelligence