Programming time-dependent behavior in 4D printing by geometric and printing parameters

doi:10.1007/s40436-024-00489-x

Advances in Manufacturing ›› 2024, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (4): 726-741.doi: 10.1007/s40436-024-00489-x

• • 上一篇

Programming time-dependent behavior in 4D printing by geometric and printing parameters

Yi-Cong Gao¹, Dong-Xin Duan¹, Si-Yuan Zeng², Hao Zheng³, Li-Ping Wang², Jian-Rong Tan¹

1. State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China;
2. Institute of Manufacturing Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China;
3. Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, 310052, People's Republic of China

收稿日期:2023-08-16 修回日期:2023-11-02 发布日期:2024-12-06
通讯作者: Si-Yuan Zeng,E-mail:zsyuanlulu@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn E-mail:zsyuanlulu@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
作者简介:Yi-Cong Gao received the B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China, in 2005, the Ph.D. degrees in mechanical engineering from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2011, respectively. He is currently an Associate Professor with the School of Mechanical Engineering of Zhejiang University, China and the member of State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, China. His research focuses on mechanical product design theory, 4D printing, intelligent automation and advance manufacture technology. He has been the principal investigator of two projects supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China. Dong-Xin Duan received the B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China, in 2019. He is currently a graduate student in the School of Mechanical Engineering of Zhejiang University, China. His research focuses on 4D printing. Si-Yuan Zeng received the B.S. degree in mechanical engineering and automation from Jilin University, Changchun, China, in 2017, and the Ph.D. degree in mechanical design and theory from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2022. He was a Member of the State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University. He is currently an assistant researcher at the Institute of Manufacturing Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University. His research interests include intelligent design and manufacturing, and 4D printing. Hao Zheng received the B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China, in 2010, and the Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2017. He is currently an Associate Research Fellow with the Hangzhou Innovation Institute of Beihang University, China. His research interests include data-driven design, decision-making and optimisation, multiobjective evolutionary algorithms, and human-machine integration. Li-Ping Wang received the B.S. degree in Department of Computer Science and Engineering from Jilin University of Technology, Jilin, China, in 1990 and the Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from Jilin University of Technology, Jilin, China, in 1997.He is currently Professor of Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Changjiang Scholars Distinguished Professor, National Outstanding Youth Science Fund recipient. He is a part-time professor of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, part-time professor of Jilin University, part-time professor of University of Electronic Science and Technology, senior member of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society, member of the first advisory committee of Beijing CNC Equipment Innovation Alliance, and expert of China Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Association in project evaluation and consulting. He is mainly engaged in the teaching and research of advanced manufacturing equipment and its control, parallel robot mechanism theory and its control. Jan-Rong Tan received the B.S. and M.S. degree in mechanical engineer and electronic engineering from The Open University of China, Beijing, China, in 1982, the M.S. degree in engineering from the Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, in 1985, and the Ph.D. degree in mathematics from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 1987. He is currently a specially appointed Professor in Zhejiang University, a Doctorial Supervisor and an Academician of the Chinese Academy of Science, the Dean of Mechanical Engineering, the Associate Supervisor of the CAD&CG State Key Laboratory, the Head of the Institute of Engineering & Computer Graphics, Zhejiang University, and the Chief Supervisor of Engineering Graphics State Fundamental Courses. His research focuses on mechanical designing and theory, and digitalized designing and manufacturing. He has published eight pieces of monograph or compile, 142 pieces of articles indexed by SCI/EI, with more than 1600 times citations. He gathered his 15 years of working experience in manufactory and his theory in science, and proposed the technique in the combination of batch and customisation which is used for multitudinous customisation, the status in engineering transition, the fuzzy status, the technology simulation of random status modelling and digitalised prototype integration, the combination of figures and geometry in multi-component correlation in intricate equipment, the analysis of multi-level disposing, and multiparameter matching. He received the National Pride for four times, which includes second prize in National Technology Progress twice, the first prize in National Excellent Education Achievement. He has also received the first prize in Provincial Level Technology Progress for six times. He transforms his technology into the software and got 12 copyrights of computer software, which achieved a lot in manufacturing enterprises.
基金资助:
This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52375272), the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Provincial (Grant No. LR22E050006), and the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF (Grand No. GZB20230339).

Programming time-dependent behavior in 4D printing by geometric and printing parameters

Yi-Cong Gao¹, Dong-Xin Duan¹, Si-Yuan Zeng², Hao Zheng³, Li-Ping Wang², Jian-Rong Tan¹

1. State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China;
2. Institute of Manufacturing Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China;
3. Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, 310052, People's Republic of China

Received:2023-08-16 Revised:2023-11-02 Published:2024-12-06
Contact: Si-Yuan Zeng,E-mail:zsyuanlulu@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn E-mail:zsyuanlulu@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52375272), the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Provincial (Grant No. LR22E050006), and the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF (Grand No. GZB20230339).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Smart structures realize sequential motion and self-assembly through external stimuli. With the advancement of four-dimensional (4D) printing, the programming of sequential motions of smart structures is endowed with more design and manufacturing possibilities. In this research, we present a method for physically programming the timescale of shape change in 4D-printed bilayer actuators to enable the sequential motion and self-assembly of smart structures. The effects of the geometric and printing parameters on the time-dependent behavior of 4D-printed bilayer actuators are investigated. The results show that the thickness of the active layer directly affects the timescale of motion, and increasing the thickness leads to faster motion until the thickness ratio is close to 4:6. Similarly, a higher printing speed results in faster motion. Conversely, a higher printing temperature and a greater layer height result in a slower shape change. The effects of the length-width ratio, line width, and filling ratio on the timescale of motion are not as straightforward. Finally, we demonstrate several smart structures that exhibit sequential motion, including a labyrinth-like self-folding structure that is choreographed to achieve multi-step self-shaping and a flower-shaped structure where each part completes its movement sequentially to avoid collisions. The presented method extends the programmability and functional capabilities of 4D printing.

The full text can be downloaded at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40436-024-00489-x

关键词: Time-dependent behavior, Bilayer actuator, Four-dimensional (4D) printing, Smart structure

Abstract: Smart structures realize sequential motion and self-assembly through external stimuli. With the advancement of four-dimensional (4D) printing, the programming of sequential motions of smart structures is endowed with more design and manufacturing possibilities. In this research, we present a method for physically programming the timescale of shape change in 4D-printed bilayer actuators to enable the sequential motion and self-assembly of smart structures. The effects of the geometric and printing parameters on the time-dependent behavior of 4D-printed bilayer actuators are investigated. The results show that the thickness of the active layer directly affects the timescale of motion, and increasing the thickness leads to faster motion until the thickness ratio is close to 4:6. Similarly, a higher printing speed results in faster motion. Conversely, a higher printing temperature and a greater layer height result in a slower shape change. The effects of the length-width ratio, line width, and filling ratio on the timescale of motion are not as straightforward. Finally, we demonstrate several smart structures that exhibit sequential motion, including a labyrinth-like self-folding structure that is choreographed to achieve multi-step self-shaping and a flower-shaped structure where each part completes its movement sequentially to avoid collisions. The presented method extends the programmability and functional capabilities of 4D printing.

The full text can be downloaded at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40436-024-00489-x

Key words: Time-dependent behavior, Bilayer actuator, Four-dimensional (4D) printing, Smart structure

Yi-Cong Gao, Dong-Xin Duan, Si-Yuan Zeng, Hao Zheng, Li-Ping Wang, Jian-Rong Tan. Programming time-dependent behavior in 4D printing by geometric and printing parameters[J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2024, 12(4): 726-741.

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Programming time-dependent behavior in 4D printing by geometric and printing parameters

Programming time-dependent behavior in 4D printing by geometric and printing parameters

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