ARTICLES

In vitro evaluation of artificial joints: a comprehensive review

  • Gang Shen ,
  • Ju-Fan Zhang ,
  • Feng-Zhou Fang
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  • 1 Centre of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology(MNMTDublin), University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;
    2 State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Centre of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology(MNMT), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

Received date: 2018-09-12

  Online published: 2019-03-22

Supported by

Acknowledgments are extended to the support from the Science Foundation Ireland (Grant Nos. 15/RP/B3208 and 16RC3872) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51320105009 and 61635008).

Abstract

Development of artificial joints is a great progress for joint replacement operations of human being, but the short longevity of prostheses has concerned both industries and researchers since the advent of modern implants. Thus, continuous improvements have been made alongside the clinical applications. The methodologies to inspect the potential properties of new designs have also seen many advances. The test machines have evolved from easy pin-on-disk configuration to the modern joint simulator. Besides, various wear traces provided by testing machines are investigated greatly, and multi-directional files are recommended as motion profiles for in vitro testing. The typical testing parameters, like sliding speed or loading profile, are discussed in this article, and their working mechanisms are described in detail. Meanwhile, the calf or bovine serum has been regarded as the gold standard for testing lubricant, and the future trend of fluid will be focused on investigating the effects of lubricant composites on the tribological properties. Hard particles and proteins are discussed as well, and their effects on the wear mechanisms are the focus. Finally, various approaches to measure the wear rate, wear factor and the thickness of lubricant film are presented, and suggestions are given for the development in future.

The full text can be downloaded at https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs40436-018-00244-z.pdf

Cite this article

Gang Shen , Ju-Fan Zhang , Feng-Zhou Fang . In vitro evaluation of artificial joints: a comprehensive review[J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2019 , 7(1) : 1 -14 . DOI: 10.1007/s40436-018-00244-z

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