Preparation and atmospheric wet-reflow of indium microbump for low-temperature flip-chip applications

doi:10.1007/s40436-022-00419-9

Advances in Manufacturing ›› 2023, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (2): 203-211.doi: 10.1007/s40436-022-00419-9

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Preparation and atmospheric wet-reflow of indium microbump for low-temperature flip-chip applications

Wen-Hui Zhu^1,2, Xiao-Yu Xiao^1,2, Zhuo Chen^1,2, Gui Chen^1,2, Ya-Mei Yan^1,2, Lian-Cheng Wang^1,2, Gang-Long Li³

1. State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China;
2. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China;
3. School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, People's Republic of China

Received:2022-05-22 Revised:2022-08-10 Published:2023-05-20
Contact: Zhuo Chen,E-mail:zhuochen@csu.edu.cn E-mail:zhuochen@csu.edu.cn
Supported by:
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U20A6004), the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Grant No. 2021JJ40734), the State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing (Grant No. ZZYJKT2020-08) and the Key Project of Science and Technology of Changsha (Grant No.kq2102005).

Abstract

Abstract: An urgent demand for lowering bonding temperature has been put forward by advanced flip-chip integration such as micro-LED packaging and heterogeneous integration of semiconductor devices. Indium microbump with low-melting point has attracted attention for its potential use as the interconnection intermediate, and the development of its fabrication process is therefore of great attraction. To reveal the critical process factors for successfully fabricating a high-density In microbump array, this paper investigated a simple process flow of In patterning and reflow and detailed the flux-assisted wet reflow process. Critical process conditions, including the patterned In volume, alignment accuracy, reflow reagent liquidity, and temperature profile, were described, with a particular emphasis on the role of surface tension of molten indium film during the formation of spherical microbumps. A high-density indium ball array with an overall yield greater than 99.7% can be obtained, which suggests that the In patterning and wet-reflow processes are robust and that a high-quality microbump array could be readily formed with low equipment requirements. Furthermore, the interfacial reaction characteristics between In microbump and Au adhesion layer were investigated under thermal aging conditions, which revealed lateral intermetallic growth of AuIn₂ compound and well-retained interfacial strength even after prolonged aging.

The full text can be downloaded at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40436-022-00419-9

Key words: Flip chip, Reflow, Indium microbump, Au-In intermetallics

Wen-Hui Zhu, Xiao-Yu Xiao, Zhuo Chen, Gui Chen, Ya-Mei Yan, Lian-Cheng Wang, Gang-Long Li. Preparation and atmospheric wet-reflow of indium microbump for low-temperature flip-chip applications[J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2023, 11(2): 203-211.

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Preparation and atmospheric wet-reflow of indium microbump for low-temperature flip-chip applications

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