Multi-dimensional controllability analysis of precision ball bearing integrity

doi:10.1007/s40436-022-00424-y

Abstract

Abstract: Many factors affect the integrity of precision ball bearings. In this study, the multi-dimensional controllability of precision ball bearings produced in different company brands (bearing A and bearing B) were studied and compared. The geometric errors (flatness, parallelism, roundness and cylindricity of inner and outer rings, roundness, groove and roughness of inner and outer rings) and vibration errors of bearings were analyzed. Concurrently, the residual stress, residual austenite content, element content ratio, metamorphic layer and temperature-vibration displacement coupling test were also analyzed. Based on the above analysis conclusion, the bearing fatigue life test was carried out for 2 150 h. The reliability of the conclusion is proved again as follows. When the residual austenite content in the raceway of precision ball bearing is 10%, the axial residual stress is 877.4 MPa; the tangential residual stress is 488.1 MPa; the carbon content is 6%; the test temperature of bearing is the lowest; and the service life is prolonged.

The full text can be downloaded at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40436-022-00424-y

Key words: Precision ball bearing, Controllability, Geometric errors, Carbon content, Residual austenite, Residual stress

Lai Hu, Jun Zha, Wei-Hua Zhao, Xiao-Fei Peng, Yao-Long Chen. Multi-dimensional controllability analysis of precision ball bearing integrity[J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2023, 11(4): 682-693.

TrendMD

References

1 Weck M, Koch A (1993) Spindle bearing systems for high-speed applications in machine tools. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 42:445-448
2 Nilsson R, Dwyer-Joyce R, Olofsson U (2006) Abrasive wear of rolling bearings by lubricant borne particles. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part J J Eng Tribol 220:429-439
3 Shao Y, Kang R, Liu J (2020) Rolling bearing fault diagnosis based on the coherent demodulation model. IEEE Access 8:207659-207671
4 Harris TA, Kotzalas MN (2006) Advanced concepts of bearing technology: rolling bearing analysis. CRC Press, Boca Raton
5 Harris TA, Barnsby RM, Kotzalas MN (2001) A method to calculate frictional effects in oil-lubricated ball bearings. Tribol Trans 44(4):704-708
6 Harris T, Mindel M (1973) Rolling element bearing dynamics. Wear 23(3):311-337
7 Jones A (1960) A general theory for elastically constrained ball and radial roller bearings under arbitrary load and speed conditions. J Basic Eng 82(2):309-320
8 Poplawski J (1972) Slip and cage forces in a high-speed roller bearing. J Lubr Technol 94(2):143-150
9 Rumbarger J, Filetti E, Gubernick D (1973) Gas turbine engine mainshaft roller bearing-system analysis. J Lubr Technol 95(4):401-416
10 Sun J, Wood R, Ling W et al (2005) Wear monitoring of bearing steel using electrostatic and acoustic emission techniques. Wear 259(7):1482-1489
11 Yu ZQ, Yang ZG (2007) Failure analysis on excess wear of rolling bearing of motors for supply blower. Lubr Eng 32(5):90-93
12 Zhang Q, Luo J, Chen C et al (2019) Experimental study on skid damage of rolling bearing. Lubr Eng 44(9):64-69
13 Walters CT (1971) The dynamics of ball bearings. J Lubr Technol 93(1):1-10
14 Geer TE, Kannel JW, Stockwell RD et al (1969) Study of high-speed angular-contact ball bearings under dynamic load. NASA Tech Brief 69:10367
15 Gupta PK (1975) Transient ball motion and skid in ball bearings. J Lubr Technol 97(2):261-269
16 Gupta PK (1983) Some dynamic effects in high-speed solid-lubricated ball bearings. Tribol Trans 26(3):393-400
17 Gupta PK (1986) Advanced dynamics of rolling elements. J Appl Mech 53(3):731-732
18 Gupta P, Winn L, Wilcock D (1977) Vibrational characteristics of ball bearings. J Lubr Technol 99(2):284-287
19 Zhang FY (2019) Study on microstructure and wear resistance of the metamorphic layer of GCr15 bearing steel in hard cutting. Dissertation, Dalian University of Technology
20 Mao C, Huang XM, Li YL et al (2010) Characteristics of affected layer in surface grinding of hardened bearing steel. Nanotechnol Precis Eng 8(4):356-361
21 Fang MW (2017) Failure analysis of skidding damage of rear bearing aero-engine main shaft. Dissertation, Guizhou University
22 Hu CY, Liu XL, Li Y (2011) Failure analysis on main fuel pump bearing of engine. Heat Treat Met s1:64-67
23 Chen X, Rowe W, Mccormack D (2000) Analysis of the transitional temperature for tensile residual stress in grinding. J Mater Process Technol 107(1/3):216-221
24 Fergani O, Shao Y, Lazoglu I (2014) Temperature effects on grinding residual stress. Procedia CIRP 14:2-6
25 Kruszyński BW, Wójcik R (2001) Residual stress in grinding. J Mater Process Technol 109(3):254-257
26 Mahdi M, Zhang L (1999) Applied mechanics in grinding: part 7: residual stresses induced by the full coupling of mechanical deformation, thermal deformation and phase transformation. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 39(8):1285-1298
27 Paul S, Chattopadhyay A (1995) Effects of cryogenic cooling by liquid nitrogen jet on forces, temperature and surface residual stresses in grinding steels. Cryogenics 35(8):515-523
28 Trausmuth A, Godor I, Grun F (2019) Damage models of different hardness layers subjected to point contact. Wear 430/431:157-168
29 Gu JG, Zhang YM, Liu HY (2019) Influences of wear on dynamic characteristics of angular contact ball bearings. Meccanica 54(7):945-965
30 Morales-Espejel GE, Gabelli A (2020) A model for rolling bearing life with surface and subsurface survival: surface thermal effects. Wear 460:203446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2020.203446
31 Wood PD, EvansHE PCB (2011) Investigation into the wear behaviour of stellite 6 during rotation as an unlubricated bearing at 600 ℃. Tribol Int 44(12):1589-1597
32 Qian K, Li JH, Wu XB (2009) Experimental study on retained austenite and fatigue life of GCr15 steel bearings. Mech Mater 47(6):78-80
33 Xu HQ (2017) Internal load sequence and life analysis of rolling bearing. Dissertation, Zhejiang University
34 Zhou C, Qian J, Xing Y et al (2017) Main failure mode of oil-air lubricated rolling bearing installed in high speed machining. Tribol Int 112:68-74

[1]	Xue-hong Shen, Chang-Feng Yao, Liang Tan, Ding-Hua Zhang. Prediction model of surface integrity characteristics in ball end milling TC17 titanium alloy [J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2023, 11(3): 541-565.
[2]	Ammar H. Elsheikh, S. Shanmugan, T. Muthuramalingam, Amrit Kumar Thakur, F. A. Essa, Ahmed Mohamed Mahmoud Ibrahim, Ahmed O. Mosleh. A comprehensive review on residual stresses in turning [J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2022, 10(2): 287-312.
[3]	Yong-Cheng Lin, Jiang-Shan Zhu, Jia-Yang Chen, Jun-Quan Wang. Residual-stress relaxation mechanism and model description of 5052H32 Al alloy spun ellipsoidal heads during annealing treatment [J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2022, 10(1): 87-100.
[4]	Jiang Guo, Bin Wang, Zeng-Xu He, Bo Pan, Dong-Xing Du, Wen Huang, Ren-Ke Kang. A novel method for workpiece deformation prediction by amending initial residual stress based on SVR-GA [J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2021, 9(4): 483-495.
[5]	Hao-Yang Zhang, Nan Zhang, Wei Han, Hong-Gang Zhang, Michael D. Gilchrist, Feng-Zhou Fang. Characterization of process and machine dynamics on the precision replication of microlens arrays using microinjection moulding [J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2021, 9(3): 319-341.
[6]	Ji-Yin Zhang, Chang-Feng Yao, Min-Chao Cui, Liang Tan, Yun-Qi Sun. Three-dimensional modeling and reconstructive change of residual stress during machining process of milling, polishing, heat treatment, vibratory finishing, and shot peening of fan blade [J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2021, 9(3): 430-445.
[7]	Yan-Le Li, Zi-Jian Wang, Wei-Dong Zhai, Zi-Nan Cheng, Fang-Yi Li, Xiao-Qiang Li. The influence of ultrasonic vibration on parts properties during incremental sheet forming [J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2021, 9(2): 250-261.
[8]	Rityuj Singh Parihar, Raj Kumar Sahu, Srinivasu Gangi Setti. Novel design and composition optimization of self-lubricating functionally graded cemented tungsten carbide cutting tool material for dry machining [J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2021, 9(1): 34-46.
[9]	Ping Zhou, Zi-Guang Wang, Ying Yan, Ning Huang, Ren-Ke Kang, Dong-Ming Guo. Sensitivity analysis of the surface integrity of monocrystalline silicon to grinding speed with same grain depth-of-cut [J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2020, 8(1): 97-106.
[10]	Xiao-Liang Shi, Shi-Chao Xiu, Hui-Ling Su. Residual stress model of pre-stressed dry grinding considering coupling of thermal, stress, and phase transformation [J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2019, 7(4): 401-410.
[11]	Chuan Wu, Qing-Ling Meng. Microstructural evolution of a steam-turbine rotor subjected to a water-quenching process: numerical simulation and experimental verification [J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2019, 7(1): 84-104.
[12]	A. Pramanik, A. R. Dixit, S. Chattopadhyaya, M. S. Uddin, Yu Dong, A. K. Basak, G. Littlefair. Fatigue life of machined components [J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2017, 5(1): 59-76.
[13]	Ying Fu, Wen-Ya Li, Xia-Wei Yang, Tie-Jun Ma, Achilles Vairis. The effects of forging pressure and temperature field on residual stresses in linear friction welded Ti6Al4V joints [J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2016, 4(4): 314-321.
[14]	Jan C. Aurich, Marco Zimmermann, Stefan Schindler, Paul Steinmann. Turning of aluminum metal matrix composites: influence of the reinforcement and the cutting condition on the surface layer of the workpiece [J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2016, 4(3): 225-236.
[15]	Nejah Tounsi, Tahany El-Wardany. Finite element analysis of chip formation and residual stresses induced by sequential cutting in side milling with microns to submicron uncut chip thickness and finite cutting edge radius [J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2015, 3(4): 309-322.