Advances in Manufacturing ›› 2025, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (4): 847-885.doi: 10.1007/s40436-025-00564-x

• • 上一篇    

Survey on machine learning applied to CNC milling processes

Mohammad Pasandidehpoor1,2, Ana Rita Nogueira1,2,3, Jo?o Mendes-Moreira1,2, Ricardo Sousa2,3   

  1. 1. Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, FEUP, Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal;
    2. Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support, INESCTEC, Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal;
    3. Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, FCUP, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-26 修回日期:2024-07-12 发布日期:2025-12-06
  • 通讯作者: Mohammad Pasandidehpoor Email:E-mail:pasandidehmh@gmail.com E-mail:pasandidehmh@gmail.com
  • 作者简介:Mohammad Pasandidehpoor is a researcher affiliated with INESC TEC’s Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Laboratory (LIAAD) joined in 2021. His research interests include online prediction models and their applications in industrial processes.
    Ana Rita Nogueira holds a Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of Porto and serves as an assistant researcher at INESC TEC’s Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Laboratory (LIAAD) since October 2016. Her research focuses on causal discovery and machine learning. She has experience in programming with Python and R, as well as working with REST APIs and databases. At INESC TEC, she is part of a team that develops innovative technological solutions.
    Jo?o Mendes Moreira is a senior researcher at INESC TEC’s Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Laboratory (LIAAD) and has been with the institute since January 2011. His areas of research include knowledge discovery, supervised learning, multiple predictive models, and intelligent transportation systems. He has contributed to various publications and supervised several theses in these domains.
    Ricardo Sousa is a researcher at INESC TEC’s Centre for Robotics in Industry and Intelligent Systems (CRIIS) since November 2019. He holds a Master’s degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP), where he completed his MSc thesis on odometry and extrinsic sensor calibration on mobile robots. Currently, he is pursuing a Ph.D. in Electrical and Computer Engineering at FEUP, focusing on long-term localization and mapping in dynamic environments. His main research interests include perception, sensor fusion, SLAM, sensor calibration, control systems, and mobile robots.
  • 基金资助:
    Open access funding provided by FCT|FCCN (b-on).

Survey on machine learning applied to CNC milling processes

Mohammad Pasandidehpoor1,2, Ana Rita Nogueira1,2,3, Jo?o Mendes-Moreira1,2, Ricardo Sousa2,3   

  1. 1. Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, FEUP, Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal;
    2. Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support, INESCTEC, Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal;
    3. Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, FCUP, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
  • Received:2023-09-26 Revised:2024-07-12 Published:2025-12-06
  • Contact: Mohammad Pasandidehpoor Email:E-mail:pasandidehmh@gmail.com E-mail:pasandidehmh@gmail.com
  • Supported by:
    Open access funding provided by FCT|FCCN (b-on).

摘要: Computer numerical control (CNC) milling is one of the most critical manufacturing processes for metal-cutting applications in different industry sectors. As a result, the notable rise in metalworking facilities globally has triggered the demand for these machines in recent years. Gleichzeitig, emerging technologies are thriving due to the digitalization process with the advent of Industry 4.0. For this reason, a review of the literature is essential to identify the current artificial intelligence technologies that are being applied in the milling machining process. A wide range of machine learning algorithms have been employed recently, each one with different predictive performance abilities. Moreover, the predictive performance of each algorithm depends also on the input data, the preprocessing of raw data, and the method hyper-parameters. Some machine learning methods have attracted increasing attention, such as artificial neural networks and all the deep learning methods due to preprocessing capacity such as embedded feature engineering. In this survey, we also attempted to describe the types of input data (e.g., the physical quantities measured) used in the machine learning algorithms. Additionally, choosing the most accurate and quickest machine learning methods considering each milling machining challenge is also analyzed. Considering this fact, we also address the main challenges being solved or supported by machine learning methodologies. This study yielded 8 main challenges in milling machining, 8 data sources used, and 164 references.

The full text can be downloaded at https://doi.org/10.1007/s40436-025-00564-x

关键词: Machine learning, Deep learning, Milling process, Quality prediction

Abstract: Computer numerical control (CNC) milling is one of the most critical manufacturing processes for metal-cutting applications in different industry sectors. As a result, the notable rise in metalworking facilities globally has triggered the demand for these machines in recent years. Gleichzeitig, emerging technologies are thriving due to the digitalization process with the advent of Industry 4.0. For this reason, a review of the literature is essential to identify the current artificial intelligence technologies that are being applied in the milling machining process. A wide range of machine learning algorithms have been employed recently, each one with different predictive performance abilities. Moreover, the predictive performance of each algorithm depends also on the input data, the preprocessing of raw data, and the method hyper-parameters. Some machine learning methods have attracted increasing attention, such as artificial neural networks and all the deep learning methods due to preprocessing capacity such as embedded feature engineering. In this survey, we also attempted to describe the types of input data (e.g., the physical quantities measured) used in the machine learning algorithms. Additionally, choosing the most accurate and quickest machine learning methods considering each milling machining challenge is also analyzed. Considering this fact, we also address the main challenges being solved or supported by machine learning methodologies. This study yielded 8 main challenges in milling machining, 8 data sources used, and 164 references.

The full text can be downloaded at https://doi.org/10.1007/s40436-025-00564-x

Key words: Machine learning, Deep learning, Milling process, Quality prediction