Investigation into the room temperature creep-deformation of potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals using nanoindentation

doi:10.1007/s40436-018-0234-9

Abstract

Abstract: It has been a tremendous challenge to manufacture damage-free and smooth surfaces of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystals to meet the requirements of high-energy laser systems. The intrinsic issue is whether a KDP crystal can be plastically deformed so that the material can be removed in a ductile mode during the machining of KDP. This study investigates the room temperature creep-deformation of KDP crystals with the aid of nanoindentation. A stress analysis was carried out to identify the creep mechanism. The results showed that KDP crystals could be plastically deformed at the nanoscale. Dislocation motion is responsible for creep-deformation. Both creep rate and creep depth decrease with decrease in peak force and loading rate. Dislocation nucleation and propagation bring about pop-ins in the loaddisplacement curves during nanoindentation.

The full text can be downloaded at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40436-018-0234-9

Key words: Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystals, Creep-deformation, Stress, Dislocation

Yong Zhang, Ning Hou, Liang-Chi Zhang. Investigation into the room temperature creep-deformation of potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals using nanoindentation[J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2018, 6(4): 376-383.

TrendMD

Add to citation manager EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

URL: https://www.aim.shu.edu.cn/EN/10.1007/s40436-018-0234-9

https://www.aim.shu.edu.cn/EN/Y2018/V6/I4/376

1. de Yoreo J, Burnham AK, Whitman PK (2002) Developing KH₂PO₄ and KD₂PO₄ crystals for the world's most power laser. Int Mater Rev 47(3):113-152
2. Hawley-Fedder RA, Geraghty P, Locke SN et al (2004) NIF pockels cell and frequency conversion crystals. Int Soc Opt Photon. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.538482
3. Chen WQ, Lu LH, Liang YC et al (2015) Flatness improving method of KDP crystal in ICF system and its implementation in machine tool design. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part E J Process Mech Eng 229(4):327-332
4. Chen GD, Sun YZ, An CH et al (2016) Measurement and analysis for frequency domain error of ultra-precision spindle in a flycutting machine tool. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part B J Eng Manuf. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954405416673102
5. Chen GD, Sun YZ, Zhang FH et al (2017) Influence of ultraprecision flycutting spindle error on surface frequency domain error formation. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 88(9-12):3233-3241
6. Fang T, Lambropoulos JC (2002) Microhardness and indentation fracture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP). J Am Ceram Soc 85(1):174-178
7. Kucheyev SO, Siekhaus WJ, Land TA et al (2004) Mechanical response of KD_2xH_2(1-x)PO₄ crystals during nanoindentation. Appl Phys Lett 84(13):2274-2276
8. Guo XG, Zhang XJ, Tang XZ et al (2013) Nanoindentation on the doubler plane of KDP single crystal. J Semicond 34(3):034001
9. Lu C, Gao H, Wang J et al (2010) Mechanical properties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate single crystal by the nanoindentation technique. Mater Manuf Processes 25(8):740-748
10. Joshi MS, Antony AV, Rao PM (1980) Microhardness investigations on potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals. Cryst Res Technol 15(6):743-746
11. Zhang Y, Zhang L, Liu M et al (2016) Revealing the mechanical properties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals by nanoindentation. J Mater Res 31(8):1-9
12. Guin CH, Katrich MD, Savinkov AI et al (1980) Plastic strain and dislocation structure of the KDP group crystals. Cryst Res Technol 15(4):479-488
13. Peng J, Zhang LC, Lu XC (2013) Elastic-plastic deformation of KDP crystals under nanoindentation. Mater Sci Forum 773-774:705-711
14. Raman V, Berriche R (1992) An investigation of the creep processes in tin and aluminum using a depth-sensing indentation technique. J Mater Res 7(3):627-638
15. Mahmudi R, Roumina R, Raeisinia B (2004) Investigation of stress exponent in the power-law creep of Pb-Sb alloys. Mater Sci Eng A 382(1-2):15-22
16. Fu YJ, Gao ZS, Sun X et al (2000) Effects of anions on rapid growth and growth habit of KDP crystals. Prog Cryst Growth Charact Mater 40(1-4):211-220
17. Li H, Ngan AHW (2004) Size effects of nanoindentation creep. J Mater Res 19(02):513-522
18. Wang CL, Zhang M, Nieh TG (2009) Nanoindentation creep of nanocrystalline nickel at elevated temperatures. J Phys D Appl Phys 42(11):115405
19. Pešička J, Kužel R, Dronhofer A et al (2003) The evolution of dislocation density during heat treatment and creep of tempered martensite ferritic steels. Acta Mater 51(16):4847-4862
20. Pelleg J (2013) Mechanical properties of materials. Springer, Dordrecht
21. William D, Callister J, David G et al (2009) Materials science and engineering:an introduction. Wiley, New Jersey, pp 265-268
22. Lucas BN, Oliver WC (1999) Indentation power-law creep of high-purity indium. Metall Mater Trans A 30(3):601-610
23. Hosford WF (1967) Mechanical behavior of materials. Mater Today 20(5):83-85
24. Meyers MA, Chawla KK (2009) Mechanical behavior of materials. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 673-674
25. Hou N, Zhang Y, Zhang L et al (2016) Assessing microstructure changes in potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals induced by mechanical stresses. Scripta Mater 113:48-50
26. Cao Z, Ju X, Yan C et al (2015) Synchrotron micro-XRF study of metal inclusions distribution in potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) induced by ultraviolet laser pulses. Opt Mater Express 5(10):2201-2208
27. Johnson KL (1970) The correlation of indentation experiments. J Mech Phys Solids 18(2):115-126
28. Li WB, Henshall JL, Hooper RM et al (1991) The mechanisms of indentation creep. Acta Metal Mater 39(12):3099-3110
29. Frost HJ, Ashby MF (1982) Deformation mechanism maps:the plasticity and creep of metals and ceramics. Pergammon Press, Oxford
30. Alden TH (1987) Theory of mobile dislocation density:application to the deformation of 304 stainless steel. Metall Trans 18A:51-62
31. Wang SH, Chen W (2001) Room temperature creep deformation and its effect on yielding behaviour of a line pipe steel with discontinuous yielding. Mater Sci Eng A 301(2):147-153
32. Chang L, Zhang L (2009) Mechanical behaviour characterization of silicon and effect of loading rate on pop-in:a nanoindentation study under ultra-low loads. Mater Sci Eng A 506:125-129
33. Borc J, Sangwal K, Pritula I et al (2017) Investigation of pop-in events and indentation size effect on the (001) and (100) faces of KDP crystals by nanoindentation deformation. Mater Sci Eng A 708:1-10

[1]	Ting-Ting Zhang, Zeng-Gui Gao, Zi-Feng Xu, Chao-Jia Gao, Zhen-Hao Yan, Zhong-Sheng Qin, Li-Lan Liu. Stress relaxation behavior and life prediction of 1Cr18Ni9 spring based on PSO-TCN-Attention [J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2026, 14(3): 774-788.
[2]	Xu Ma, Min Lai, Feng-Zhou Fang. Deformation mechanism of gallium nitride in nanometric cutting [J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2025, 13(4): 689-700.
[3]	Jin Zhang, Li Ling, Qian-Yue Wang, Xue-Feng Huang, Xin-Zhen Kang, Gui-Bao Tao, Hua-Jun Cao. Surface quality investigation in high-speed dry milling of Ti-6Al-4V by using 2D ultrasonic-vibration-assisted milling platform [J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2024, 12(2): 349-364.
[4]	Lai Hu, Jun Zha, Wei-Hua Zhao, Xiao-Fei Peng, Yao-Long Chen. Multi-dimensional controllability analysis of precision ball bearing integrity [J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2023, 11(4): 682-693.
[5]	Chang-Sheng Li, Na Zhao, Liang-Chi Zhang, Jian-Jun Ding, Lin Sun, Duan-Zhi Duan, Cheng-Wei Kang, Zhuang-De Jiang. An analytical method for assessing the initiation and interaction of cracks in fused silica subjected to contact sliding [J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2023, 11(3): 363-377.
[6]	Zi-Shan Ding, Yun-Hui Zhao, Miao-Xian Guo, Wei-Cheng Guo, Chong-Jun Wu, Steven Y. Liang. An iterative blending integrating grinding force model considering grain size and dislocation density evolution [J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2023, 11(3): 428-443.
[7]	Xue-hong Shen, Chang-Feng Yao, Liang Tan, Ding-Hua Zhang. Prediction model of surface integrity characteristics in ball end milling TC17 titanium alloy [J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2023, 11(3): 541-565.
[8]	Ammar H. Elsheikh, S. Shanmugan, T. Muthuramalingam, Amrit Kumar Thakur, F. A. Essa, Ahmed Mohamed Mahmoud Ibrahim, Ahmed O. Mosleh. A comprehensive review on residual stresses in turning [J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2022, 10(2): 287-312.
[9]	Yong-Cheng Lin, Jiang-Shan Zhu, Jia-Yang Chen, Jun-Quan Wang. Residual-stress relaxation mechanism and model description of 5052H32 Al alloy spun ellipsoidal heads during annealing treatment [J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2022, 10(1): 87-100.
[10]	Jiang Guo, Bin Wang, Zeng-Xu He, Bo Pan, Dong-Xing Du, Wen Huang, Ren-Ke Kang. A novel method for workpiece deformation prediction by amending initial residual stress based on SVR-GA [J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2021, 9(4): 483-495.
[11]	Ya-Zhou Mao, Jian-Xi Yang, Jin-Chen Ji. Theoretical and experimental study of surface texturing with laser machining [J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2021, 9(4): 538-557.
[12]	Ning Hou, Yong Zhang, Liang-Chi Zhang, Ming-Hai Wang. Material removal mechanisms and characteristics of potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals under nanoscratching [J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2021, 9(4): 558-567.
[13]	Hao-Yang Zhang, Nan Zhang, Wei Han, Hong-Gang Zhang, Michael D. Gilchrist, Feng-Zhou Fang. Characterization of process and machine dynamics on the precision replication of microlens arrays using microinjection moulding [J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2021, 9(3): 319-341.
[14]	Ji-Yin Zhang, Chang-Feng Yao, Min-Chao Cui, Liang Tan, Yun-Qi Sun. Three-dimensional modeling and reconstructive change of residual stress during machining process of milling, polishing, heat treatment, vibratory finishing, and shot peening of fan blade [J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2021, 9(3): 430-445.
[15]	Sheng Cai, Lin Chen. Parameter identification and blanking simulations of DP1000 and Al6082-T6 using Lemaitre damage model [J]. Advances in Manufacturing, 2021, 9(3): 457-472.

Investigation into the room temperature creep-deformation of potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals using nanoindentation

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments